Tr what does it mean in html

Let's apply a basic style to the table to adjust the typeface being used, and add a background color to the header row. This is a way to quickly apply a background color to all of the cells in the heading area at once.

Now we'll go all-out, with styles on rows in the header and body areas both, including alternating row colors, cells with different colors depending on position within a row, and so forth. The CSS is much more involved this time. It's not complicated, but there's a lot going on. Let's break it down. Here we've added the border-spacing and border-collapse properties to eliminate spacing between cells and collapse borders that touch one another to be a single border instead of winding up with double borders.

Then we set the bottom border of the top header to be a two-pixel wide line. Notice, however, that we're using the :nth-of-type selector to apply border-bottom to the second row in the heading. Because the heading is made of two rows that are spanned by some of the cells. That means there are actually two rows there; applying the style to the first row would not give us the expected result.

Let's style these two header cells with green and red hues to represent the "good" of a new member and the "bummer" of a canceled membership. Here we dig into the last row of the table's header block and give the first header cell in it the "Joined" header a greenish color, and the second header cell in it the "Canceled" header a reddish hue. It's common to help improve readability of table data by alternating row colors. Let's add a bit of color to every even row:. This styles the first header cell in each row of the table's body with text-align to left-justify the member names, and with a somewhat different background color.

Finally, since it's standard practice to right-justify currency values in tables, let's do that here. Possible values are: left Align the content of each cell at its left edge. If no value is expressly set for align , the parent node's value is inherited. Note: This attribute is obsolete, and was never widely supported anyway. Result Let's actually look at the output first this time: Notice how the heading area here is actually two rows, one with "Name", "ID", "Membership Dates", and "Balance" headings, and the other with "Joined" and "Canceled", which are sub-headings below "Membership Dates".

This is accomplished by: Having the first row's "Name", "ID", and "Balance" heading cells span two rows using the rowspan attribute, making them each be two rows tall. Having the first row's "Membership Dates" heading cell span two columns using the colspan attribute, which causes this heading to actually be two columns wide. Because the other columns are already occupied by first-row cells that span into the second row, these wind up correctly positioned under the "Membership Dates" heading.

Result Again, let's take a look at the result first. Once the visual user agent has received the table's data: the available horizontal space will be alloted by the user agent as follows: First the user agent will allot 30 pixels to columns one and two. Then, the minimal space required for the third column will be reserved. We have set the value of the align attribute in the third column group to "center". All cells in every column in this group will inherit this value, but may override it.

In fact, the final COL does just that, by specifying that every cell in the column it governs will be aligned along the ":" character. In the following table, the column width specifications allow the user agent to format the table incrementally:.

The first ten columns will be 15 pixels wide each. The last two columns will each receive half of the remaining 50 pixels. Note that the COL elements appear only so that an id value may be specified for the last two columns. Although the width attribute on the TABLE element is not deprecated, authors are encouraged to use style sheets to specify table widths.

The TR elements acts as a container for a row of table cells. The end tag may be omitted. This sample table contains three rows, each begun by the TR element:. Table cells may contain two types of information: header information and data. This distinction enables user agents to render header and data cells distinctly, even in the absence of style sheets. For example, visual user agents may present header cell text with a bold font. Speech synthesizers may render header information with a distinct voice inflection.

The TH element defines a cell that contains header information. User agents have two pieces of header information available: the contents of the TH element and the value of the abbr attribute.

User agents must render either the contents of the cell or the value of the abbr attribute. For visual media, the latter may be appropriate when there is insufficient space to render the full contents of the cell. For non-visual media abbr may be used as an abbreviation for table headers when these are rendered along with the contents of the cells to which they apply.

The headers and scope attributes also allow authors to help non-visual user agents process header information. Please consult the section on labeling cells for non-visual user agents for information and examples.

The TD element defines a cell that contains data. For example, the following table contains four columns of data, each headed by a column description. Cells may span several rows or columns. The number of rows or columns spanned by a cell is set by the rowspan and colspan attributes for the TH and TD elements. In this table definition, we specify that the cell in row four, column two should span a total of three columns, including the current column.

The next example illustrates with the help of table borders how cell definitions that span more than one row or column affect the definition of later cells. Consider the following table definition:. As cell "2" spans the first and second rows, the definition of the second row will take it into account.

Thus, the second TD in row two actually defines the row's third cell. Visually, the table might be rendered to a tty device as:. Note that if the TD defining cell "6" had been omitted, an extra empty cell would have been added by the user agent to complete the row. Defining overlapping cells is an error. User agents may vary in how they handle this error e.

The following illegal example illustrates how one might create overlapping cells. In this table, cell "5" spans two rows and cell "7" spans two columns, so there is overlap in the cell between "7" and "9":. The following sections describe the HTML table attributes that concern visual formatting. When this specification was first published in , [CSS1] did not offer mechanisms to control all aspects of visual table formatting.

Since then, [CSS2] has added properties to allow visual formatting of tables. Consider a previous example:. In the following example, the user agent should show borders five pixels thick on the left-hand and right-hand sides of the table, with rules drawn between each column. When charoff is used to set the offset of an alignment character, the direction of offset is determined by the current text direction set by the dir attribute.

In left-to-right texts the default , offset is from the left margin. In right-to-left texts, offset is from the right margin. User agents are not required to support this attribute. The table in this example aligns a row of currency values along a decimal point. We set the alignment character to ". When the contents of a cell contain more than one instance of the alignment character specified by char and the contents wrap, user agent behavior is undefined.

Authors should therefore be attentive in their use of char. Visual user agents typically render TH elements vertically and horizontally centered within the cell and with a bold font weight. The alignment of cell contents can be specified on a cell by cell basis, or inherited from enclosing elements, such as the row, column or the table itself. The order of precedence from highest to lowest for the attributes align , char , and charoff is the following:. The order of precedence from highest to lowest for the attribute valign as well as the other inherited attributes lang , dir , and style is the following:.

Furthermore, when rendering cells, horizontal alignment is determined by columns in preference to rows, while for vertical alignment, rows are given preference over columns. The default alignment for cells depends on the user agent. However, user agents should substitute the default attribute for the current directionality i. User agents that do not support the "justify" value of the align attribute should use the value of the inherited directionality in its place.

These two attributes control spacing between and within cells. The following illustration explains how they relate:. In the following example, the cellspacing attribute specifies that cells should be separated from each other and from the table frame by twenty pixels.

If a table or given column has a fixed width, cellspacing and cellpadding may demand more space than assigned. User agents may give these attributes precedence over the width attribute when a conflict occurs, but are not required to. Non-visual user agents such as speech synthesizers and Braille-based devices may use the following TD and TH element attributes to render table cells more intuitively:.

In the following example, we assign header information to cells by setting the headers attribute. Each cell in the same column refers to the same header cell via the id attribute. Note how the header "Type of Coffee" is abbreviated to "Type" using the abbr attribute. Here is the same example substituting the scope attribute for the headers attribute. Note the value "col" for the scope attribute, meaning "all cells in the current column":.

Here's a somewhat more complex example illustrating other values for the scope attribute:. Note the use of the scope attribute with the "row" value. Although the first cell in each row contains data, not header information, the scope attribute makes the data cell behave like a row header cell. This allows speech synthesizers to provide the relevant course name upon request or to state it immediately before each cell's content.

Users browsing a table with a speech-based user agent may wish to hear an explanation of a cell's contents in addition to the contents themselves. One way the user might provide an explanation is by speaking associated header information before speaking the data cell's contents see the section on associating header information with data cells.

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